More detail on the work of Gardner, Sternberg, and Perkins is given in the next three subsections. PBL can be used as a vehicle in which students can use and improve their intelligence. We can become more intelligent through study and practice, through access to appropriate tools, and through learning to make effective use of these tools (Perkins, 1995). It says that each of us can become more intelligent. This definition of intelligence is a very optimistic one. This includes solving problems, accomplishing tasks, fashioning products, and doing complex projects. This includes recognizing problem situations and transforming them into more clearly defined problems. This includes all kinds of informal and formal learning via any combination of experience, education, and training. Intelligence is a combination of the ability to:
The following definition is a composite from various authors. Howard Gardner (1983, 1993), Robert Sternberg (1988, 1997), and David Perkins (1995) have written widely sold books that summarize the literature and present their own specific points of view. There is an extensive and continually growing collection of research papers on the topic.
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There is no clear agreement as to what constitutes IQ or how to measure it. The study and measurement of intelligence has been an important research topic for nearly 100 years IQ is a complex concept, and researchers in this field argue with each other about the various theories that have been developed. Project-based Learning Using Information Technology. The following material reflects the work of these three researchers and is quoted from Chapter 4 of the book: Moursund, D.G. Howard Gardner, David Perkins, and Robert Sternberg have all been quite successful in helping spread knowledge about the meaning of "intelligence" and applications of this knowledge to education. An overview of some of this complexity is provided in Hunt (1995). We can become more intelligent through study and practice, through access to appropriate tools, and through learning to make effective use of these tools (Perkins, 1995).ĭefinition of Intelligence Howard Gardner David Perkins Robert Sternberg References A Definition of Intelligence Theories of Intelligence OTEC Home Page Annotated Reference List
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